![]() ↑ Alang wi rubidium (39 ☌ ), francium (estimatit at 27 ☌ ), mercur (−39 ☌ ), an gallium (30 ☌ ) bromine is an aa liquid at ruim temperatur (meltin at −7.2 ☌, 19 ☏) but it is a halogen, nae a metal.Hence, an alternative orthography is cæsium. The element wis named efter the Latin word cæsius, meanin "bluish gray". The American Chemical Society (ACS) haes uised the spellin cesium syne 1921, follaein Webster's New International Dictionary. ↑ Caesium is the spellin recommendit bi the Internaitional Union o Pure an Applee'd Chemistry (IUPAC).Altho the element is anly mildly toxic, it is a hazardous material as a metal an its radioisotopes present a heich heal risk if released intae the environment. The radioactive isotope caesium-137 haes a hauf-life o aboot 30 year an is uised in medical applications, industrial gauges, an hydrology. It haes a range o applications in the production o electricity, in electronics, an in chemistry. ![]() Syne the 1990s, the lairgest application o the element haes been as caesium formate for drilling fluids. ![]() Syne then, caesium haes been widely uised in atomic clocks. In 1967, a specific frequency frae the emission spectrum o caesium-133 wis chosen tae be uised in the definition o the seicont bi the Internaitional Seestem o Units. The first smaa-scale applications for caesium wur as a " getter" in vacuum tubes an in photoelectric cells. Twa German chemists, Robert Bunsen an Gustav Kirchhoff, discovered caesium in 1860 bi the newly developed method o flame spectroscopy. Caesium is mined maistly frae pollucite, while the radioisotopes, especially caesium-137, a fission product, are extractit frae waste produced bi nuclear reactors. It is the least electronegative element havin a stable isotope, caesium-133. The metal is extremely reactive an pyrophoric, reactin wi watter even at −116 ☌ (−177 ☏). Caesium is an alkali metal an haes pheesical an chemical properties seemilar tae those o rubidium an potassium. It is a saft, sillery-gowd alkali metal wi a meltin pynt o 28 ☌ (82 ☏), which maks it ane o anly five elemental metals that are liquid at or near ruim temperatur.
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